The item contains Madras equatorial observations of the occultation of the planet Saturn that occurred on 2 April 1866 by N. R. Pogson.

The item contains Madras equatorial observations of the occultation of Venus that occurred in three different dates; 18 July, 1865, 3 November 1872 and 2 may 1875 recorded by N. R Pogson from Madras Observatory.

The item contains Madras equatorial observations of the moon's total eclipse that occurred from 1866 to 1888. N. R Pogson recorded these observations from Madras Observatory.

The item comprises observations made as Madras Equatorial Observations of transit of Mercury occurred on the 11th and 12th of November 1861 by N.R. Pogson. The document contains observational data and critical notes about the astronomical event. Mercury's transit across the Sun occurs when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and a superior planet.

The item comprises of observations made as Madras equatorial Observations of minor planet Frecia of its discovery and observations taken at several periods of time by N.R.Pogson.

In this item the Superintending engineer submits a report regarding the progress made on the new observatory buildings in Kodaikanal. It also talks about the special arrangements made by the general superintendent.

The fond contains observations notes on Madras meridian observations recorded during 1874-1904 from Madrsa Observatory. The observations concern minor planets, stars, equations for the stars i, j, and c, corrections to observed magnetic declination, the Moon and planets, R. Andromeda, Asia, minor planets, and apparent polar distance of stars.

This item was a magnetic compass which was used by M.K.Vainu Bappu during the visit to Kavalur for site survey. The magnetic compass is a tool used for determining direction on the surface of the Earth. It operates by using a magnetic pointer that aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field. This type of compass is the oldest and most commonly used in various forms of transportation such as aircraft, ships, and land vehicles. The Earth's magnetic field acts as an enormous bar magnet with a North-South field that causes freely moving magnets to take on the same orientation. Although the direction of the Earth's magnetic field is not entirely parallel to the North-South axis of the globe, it is close enough to make an uncorrected compass a reasonably good guide. The inaccuracy, known as variation (or declination), varies in magnitude from point to point on Earth.

The map shows the city plan of Amsterdam, Netherlands, in 1835 with an inset plan of the Environs of Amsterdam. It was drawn by W. B. Clarke and engraved by B. R. Davies. At the bottom of the Map, a comparison of 14 principal buildings in Amsterdam was also given.

The map shows the four Ancient British provinces in 1834, namely Maxima Caesariensis, Flavia Caesariensis, Britannia Prima, and Britannia Secunda. J.&C. Walker engraved it.