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William Alfred Fowler (9 August 1911 – 14 March 1995) was an American nuclear physicist and astrophysicist who made fundamental contributions to the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, the processes by which chemical elements are formed inside stars. He shared the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar for this work. Fowler’s research, much of it in collaboration with Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, and Fred Hoyle (the B²FH paper, 1957), explained how elements heavier than hydrogen are synthesized through nuclear reactions in stars and during supernova explosions. He spent most of his career at the California Institute of Technology, where he was a professor of physics, and his work bridged nuclear physics and astrophysics, shaping the modern understanding of the chemical evolution of the universe.

Alfred Fowler (22 March 1868 – 24 June 1940) was a British astronomer and astrophysicist renowned for his pioneering work in astronomical spectroscopy. He served as Professor of Astrophysics at Imperial College London and was an authority on the spectra of stars, the Sun, and nebulae. He was active in the International Astronomical Union and served as its first General Secretary (1919–1922). In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1918.

Mary Evershed (1 January 1867 – 25 October 1949) was a British astronomer and scholar of Dante Alighieri’s works. She is noted for her research in solar astronomy and her collaboration with her husband, John Evershed, at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory in India.

John Evershed (1864-1956) was an English astronomer who, in 1909, discovered the horizontal motion of gases outward from the centres of sunspots, a phenomenon sometimes called the Evershed effect. In 1906, Evershed became assistant director of the Kodaikanal and Madras observatories in India, later becoming director. Evershed retired in 1923, returning to England; in 1925, he built his own solar observatory at Ewhurst.