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Indira Gandhi (19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was the first and, to date, only woman to serve as Prime Minister of India. The daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, she held office from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. Known for her strong and often centralizing leadership style, she implemented major policies such as the Green Revolution, which boosted agricultural production, and took decisive actions like the nationalization of banks and the 1971 liberation of Bangladesh. Her tenure also saw controversial events, including the Emergency (1975–1977), during which civil liberties were suspended. Indira Gandhi remains one of India’s most influential and polarizing political figures.

Rajiv Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the 6th Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. The elder son of Indira Gandhi and grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru, he entered politics reluctantly after the death of his younger brother, Sanjay Gandhi, in 1980. Rajiv became Prime Minister following his mother’s assassination in 1984, leading the Congress Party to a record electoral victory that year. His tenure focused on modernization, technological advancement, and economic liberalization, as well as improving relations with the United States and neighbouring countries. However, his government faced criticism over corruption scandals, such as the Bofors case, and challenges in handling regional conflicts.